In 2014, deceptive software was discovered in some Volkswagen car models. It detected when the pollutant emission tests and manipulated the engine so that it emitted less during the duration of the test. In real-life driving conditions, the vehicles emitted pollutants, considerably exceeding the standards authorized by environmental institutions. This discovery gave rise to the biggest industrial scandal of the post-war period and shook the foundations of the automotive industry. Subsequently, other automotive companies such as Audi, BMW, Renault Fiat and Jeep among others were also found guilty of similar deceptions.